Target senses – a history of 4D
1984 The Sensorium, screening at an indoor theme park in Baltimore, is reputedly the world's first 4D film.
1986 The Michael Jackson short film Captain EO screens with lasers, smoke effects and starfields.
1991 Muppet*Vision 3D at Disney theme parks features such 4D effects as robotic Muppets in the cinema and soap bubbles from the ceiling.
1999 The 3D short film Honey, I Shrunk the Audience has viewers on a moving platform.
2002 PandaDream, a Dutch theme park attraction based on the activities of the World Wide Fund for Nature, features moving seats, splashing water, blowing wind and a tree branch that falls into the audience.
2003 Shrek 4D brings extra dimensions to theme parks, including Movie World on the Gold Coast.
2006 The short Pirates 4D has such effects as bursts of air, vibrations and wires pushing against the viewer's feet. At the end, water cannons soak viewers in the front row.
2009 Avatar gets 4D screenings in South Korea and Hong Kong.
2011 Merlin Entertainments, which has a ''pre-flight 4D Experience'' at the London Eye, opens a similar cinema at Sydney Tower.
2011 Spy Kids: All the Time in the World in 4D revives the scratch-and-sniff card.
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