Traditional paper charts don’t show every musical count, so any guesswork or interpretation has to be worked out in practice. The iPad software allows band members to see their exact positions for every formation, count by count. If performers scroll through the formation quickly, they can see a whole routine animated; if they pause, they can see the precise spot—25-yard line, six steps behind the front hash—to land. “For the Wisconsin game one of our sousaphone players got sick, and we needed an alternate,” says Waters. “He learned the halftime show on the way to the game, on the bus. It was incredible.”